Chapter 4: Witness Stories
This chapter aims to systematically record and analyze the testimonies of life and persistence in faith presented by pastors, preachers, and believers of Chinese house churches when facing severe challenges such as arrest, imprisonment, and interrogation during the observation period (December 1, 2024, to November 30, 2025). These testimonies not only reveal the intensity and forms of persecution but also highlight the spiritual resilience demonstrated by the persecuted in their suffering and its impact on the Chinese church as a whole.
4.1 Faith in Imprisonment and Interrogation (Prison Letters and Theological Reflection)
In the process of being deprived of personal freedom by authorities and suffering from judicial persecution, many church leaders have demonstrated their firm adherence to the Christian faith through letters and court statements. As Pastor Wang Yi declared in "My Declaration: Faithful Disobedience": "The goal of disobedience is not to change the world, but to testify to another world."[1] He pointed out: "As a pastor, my only concern is faithful disobedience, the shock it brings to the sinful nature of man, and the testimony to the cross of Christ." This spirit has been continued in the persecuted pastors of 2025. Their meditation and prayer in enclosed spaces have become a vivid testimony that the Chinese church can still look up to the cross and the kingdom of heaven in the darkness.
4.1.1 Elder Zhang Chunlei: Prison Reflections and Focus of Faith
Elder Zhang Chunlei of Guiyang Ren'ai Reformed Church expressed his profound spiritual reflections to his family through letters from prison. He frankly admitted that he felt "uncontrollable grievance, or injustice" at the moment of parting, but in quiet meditation and prayer, he compared his own suffering with the immense injustice Jesus suffered in Gethsemane and on the cross, and thus "felt ashamed and was healed."
Elder Zhang's meditation in prison focused on three core keywords: "Cross (Faith), Golden Lampstand (Church), Messiah (Christ)," and pointed out that "the Cross is the focus, the Golden Lampstand is the key point, and the Messiah is everything."[2] He deeply desired to do more for the country and the nation, especially in the four major fields of education, medical care, culture, and charity within the church tradition. In his meditation on "charity," he traced the philanthropic thoughts of Puritans like Winthrop and Franklin, pointing out that "doing good is first an obligation to God," and "giving itself is a kind of enjoyment." He emphasized that wealth must benefit society, which is consistent with his long-held philosophy that the church should serve society in fields such as education, medical care, and charity.
4.1.2 Pastor Jin Mingri: Pastoral Letter Glorying in Suffering
Pastor Jin Mingri of Beijing Zion Church sent a pastoral letter from prison after being detained, expressing his spiritual understanding of persecution.[3] He stated that his physical condition (discomfort such as blood sugar) was slowly improving, and he felt comforted and joyful in his heart because he could suffer for the gospel and be ranked among the brothers and sisters who paid the price for the gospel. He reviewed Zion Church's history of focusing on the gospel, training disciples, and building the church, and emphasized the church's stance of upholding the separation of church and state, not opposing dialogue but emphasizing obedience to authorities.
Pastor Jin believes that this church tribulation is a "good opportunity" to present the true story of the church to the outside world and allow the church itself to be educated and grow. He firmly believes that God makes all things work together for the good of those who love Him, refining faith in trials and making hope more real. Previously, Pastor Jin had expressed to coworkers that if all church leaders were arrested, a new wave of revival would come.
4.1.3 Yang Rongli, Wang Xiaoguang, and Brother Li Shuangping: Persistence of Golden Lampstand
The letter written by Preacher Yang Rongli of Golden Lampstand Church in Linfen, Shanxi, to her son from prison reveals her transcendent mindset after being sentenced to a heavy term.[4] She calmly informed her son that she had been sentenced to 15 years in prison. She called this verdict "a great crown given to me by God" and said "the sentence is too light." She believed she had "fought the good fight, finished the race, and kept the faith," so she held no expectation for the appeal result but placed her hope in "God's greater work."
Yang Rongli's husband, Pastor Wang Xiaoguang, also sent words of faith from prison. Citing Joseph's imprisonment as an example, he believed that "this persecution is to bless the hearts of many" and firmly believed that "God will surely let me live long." He comforted his son Wang Yunxiang saying: "Jesus was crucified, no injustice is injustice... What we have gained far exceeds everything my family and I have currently lost."[5]
Brother Li Shuangping, involved in the same case, also demonstrated admirable character. When facing authorities' inducement to plead guilty in exchange for a lighter sentence, he flatly refused. According to trial records, Li Shuangping declared resoundingly in court: "I am a Christian, I do not lie. No fraud means no fraud."[6] He would rather endure a heavy sentence of 9 years and 2 months than slander the church and coworkers to survive.
Preacher Yang stated that she did not plan to let her son visit her before "serving the sentence" to save expenses. She is writing 250,000 words of material and plans to take it into prison. The testimonies of these pastors show an acceptance of suffering, even regarding it as a mark of glory.
4.1.4 Li Jie, Han Xiaodong, and Wang Qiang: Holding the Bottom Line of Faith
Preacher Li Jie, Preacher Han Xiaodong, and Brother Wang Qiang of Covenant Home Church in Linfen, Shanxi, demonstrated moving faith and character in the face of torture and inducement during three years of detention.
Brother Wang Qiang's "Death Defense": As a church coworker, Wang Qiang suffered cruel torture and extortion of confession in the early stages of his arrest. According to trial disclosures, he was locked on a "tiger bench" for seven consecutive days and nights and deprived of sleep.[7] Interrogators used this to coerce him into giving false testimony accusing Li Jie and Han Xiaodong of "fraud." However, this brother, who is usually reticent, kept his teeth clenched and refused to frame the pastors even under the limit of physical pain. His "zero confession" became a hard rock in this unjust case, shaming the power that abused torture.
Beautiful Testimony in Court: In the trial in May 2025, facing the fabricated charge of "fraud," Li Jie and Han Xiaodong not only refuted the prosecution's logic with reason and evidence but also preached the gospel in court, turning the defendant's dock into a witness stand. Their statements were described by bystanders as a "beautiful testimony," showing the calmness and dignity of Christians in the face of unjust judgment.
Resilience and Persistence of Families: Li Jie's wife Li Shanshan and Han Xiaodong's wife Chen Ying not only had to raise young children alone after their husbands were arrested but also faced endless forced eviction and harassment by authorities. Li Shanshan once tearfully described the scene of kneading dough and cooking for her children while in tears in the desperate situation of forced eviction and her husband's arrest; that "tearful tenderness" touched countless people.[7:1] Facing the hint that leaving Linfen could exchange for so-called "peace," she responded firmly: "My church is in this city, my husband is here, I am going nowhere." Li Shanshan moved to the community where Chen Ying lived, and the two wives supported each other under surveillance cameras, resisting the pressure from darkness together and living out the true meaning of "sharing adversity."
4.1.5 Pastor Chang Shun: Reflection on "Heroism"
The prison letter from Pastor Chang Shun of Maizhong Reformed Church in Fuyang, Anhui, which leaked after he was detained for more than three months, focused on theological reflection rather than personal grievances.[8] He pointed out that imprisonment is just one way of serving, just as the prophet Jeremiah was put in a dry cistern for faithfully preaching God's word.
Pastor Chang Shun deeply questioned the "heroism" tendency that might arise within the church. He wrote: "When we become heroes, it is when we forget God." He insisted that he was "not a saint, nor a hero," but a saint shown mercy by God. This reflection aims to guide believers to focus on Christ's sovereignty and the reality of the kingdom of heaven, rather than "romanticizing" or "centering" suffering. He believes that God is forging him through imprisonment and forging other believers in different ways because there is no difference in essence.
4.1.6 Pastor Chang Yuchun: Singing and Torture on the Way of the Cross
Pastor Chang Yuchun (later renamed Chang Yuguang) of Xi'an, Shaanxi, was sentenced to 7 years for printing Christian books. According to his son Chang Shengyi, Chang Yuchun suffered severe torture during designated residential surveillance, including being deprived of sleep and forbidden to use the toilet for 14 consecutive days, resulting in the skin of his thighs being torn off when taking off his pants.[9] In prison, he was bullied and beaten by prison bosses for a long time, causing his teeth to fall out.
However, in a prison letter in February 2025, Pastor Chang Yuchun did not mention physical pain but shared with his children the story of the Pasteur Heipe couple singing hymns across a wall before the execution ground during World War II.[10] He used this to teach his children: "The way of the cross requires sacrifice, offering everything to God... Only when everything is placed on the altar of death will the fire appear there!" This life that still focuses on the "way of the cross" and "praise" in extreme suffering is the most powerful triumph over persecution.
4.1.7 Elder Ding Zhongfu: Blue Sky Behind Bars and Spiritual Warfare
Elder Ding Zhongfu of Ganquan Church in Hefei demonstrated the sublimation of faith in long waiting through letters after being detained for more than 600 days. He regarded imprisonment as "spiritual warfare" and countered anxiety with "peace and stability."
In a family letter in August 2025, he described the scene during outdoor time: "Looking up at the sky, the sky above the iron bars, deep blue, a clear sky for thousands of miles, with only a few faint white clouds."[11] He recalled the childhood fun of tying two foxtail grasses "like playing the erhu." This delicate observation of tiny creatures reflects his inner freedom and trust in God.
In the trial, Elder Ding demonstrated amazing forgiveness and courage. He stated in court: "I do not plead guilty, this is a man-made unjust case... But I miss my family, yet I do not hate those who persecute me. God teaches me to overcome evil with good."[12] He even mentioned that even facing the death threat from National Security officer Wang Jun ("I will shoot you"), he would respond: "Go ahead and shoot." This fearlessness does not come from flesh and blood but from the firm belief of "following God all my life without regret."
He also frankly admitted that he often had weaknesses, but "as long as I think of the Lord at this moment and hold the Lord's hand... there is unspeakable peace in my heart." He even humorously compared the trial to a "doctoral dissertation defense" and a "evangelistic meeting," and taught his daughter in the letter not to worry but to pray.
4.1.8 Pastor Wang Lin: The World is a Monastery
After Pastor Wang Lin of Beijing Zion Church was arrested in October 2025, he undertook the dirtiest and most tiring chores in prison, such as "washing dishes, cleaning leftover buckets, mopping floors, and scrubbing toilets." In his letter in November, he wrote: "God let us see that this world is our monastery. No matter where we are, as long as there are people, it is the field where we can serve and should serve."[13]
He imitated Jesus' example of washing the feet of disciples (including Judas), serving other prisoners in prison, and using this as an indirect service to his family outside. He believes that as long as he is serving, "God's kingdom is still growing," because the standard of victory "is not the success thought by this world, but the expansion of the scope and effect of Christ's service."
4.1.9 Pastor Zhou Songlin: Feast in the Wilderness and Inheritance
In his closing statement at the trial, Pastor Zhou Songlin of Ganquan Church in Hefei first solemnly declared: "I am a pastor chosen by God and ordained by the church, a pastor of an orthodox church... I did not commit fraud; what happened to us is a man-made, continuous political persecution."[12:1] He shared the transformation of his heart from fear of gatherings for many years to calmness after being arrested.
In his prison letters, Pastor Zhou showed a keen perception of God's grace amidst scarcity. In a family letter on August 10, he shared his re-experience of food: "When eating seemingly ordinary food, that kind of joy from the heart... The detention center distributes a banana every Monday and Friday. For us, being able to eat a banana is truly very happy."[14] This subtle "joy of a banana" testifies to his satisfaction in Christ that transcends circumstances.
He deeply reflected on the meaning of persecution, believing that "persecution is part of the faith of saints throughout the ages... If we have not experienced persecution, many scriptures seem to have nothing to do with us." He regarded persecution as "leaving some spiritual legacy for the next generation of saints," believing that he was participating in the suffering of saints throughout the ages. On his 34th wedding anniversary, he wrote a poem to his wife Wei Shudie from prison: "Thirty-four years in the same boat through wind and rain, walking hand in hand bathed in the Lord's grace... Worthy of the Lord's calling at the beginning."[15]
4.1.10 Faith Testimonies of Other Pastors
Pastor Lian Changnian, Pastor Lian Xuliang, and Preacher Fu Juan of Xi'an Abundance Church were charged with "fraud." The trial exposed chaos such as altered transcripts, but they still held fast to their faith and never compromised.[16]
May readers pray for the detained pastors and believers together in the testimonies of this section: Ask the Lord to add strength to them where they are physically weak and mentally pressured, so that they can still fix their eyes on the cross during interrogation, trial, and daily custody. Also ask the Lord to keep their families from despair, making the testimonies in prison seeds of faith for all churches.
4.2 The Cost for Family and Marriage
The arrest of pastors and coworkers has caused huge emotional tearing, heavy economic pressure, and spiritual attacks on family members. In times of crisis, the pastors' wives (Shimu) have become solid pillars of families and churches.
4.2.1 Pastor Chang Shun's Family: Continuous Harassment and Children's Confusion
After Pastor Chang Shun was charged with "organizing illegal gatherings," his wife, Li Yunyan, and their family continued to suffer harassment and retaliation from authorities. Harassment tactics included changing home locks, cutting off water, installing surveillance cameras at the door, installing trackers on cars, and being followed when going out.[8:1] In addition, relatives and friends who were taken away for questioning along with Pastor Chang Shun were forced by the community to move out of Fuyang and forcibly sent back to their hometowns.
Pastor Chang Shun's children were also deeply affected. His 7-year-old daughter cried many times looking for her father and asked innocently: "Aren't police supposed to catch bad guys? My dad didn't do anything bad, why did the police take him away?" His 11-year-old son Chang Zimu wrote a letter to encourage his father, quoting the Gospel of Matthew saying "Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake." Li Yunyan found comfort and strength while reading through her husband's gratitude diary.
4.2.2 Pastor Huang Yizi's Family: Blocked Communication and Administrative Suppression
Pastor Huang Yizi of Wenzhou was detained on suspicion of "illegal business operations." The prayer letter from his wife, Lin Aili, revealed communication difficulties during detention: five letters written by Pastor Huang to his family and two letters written by his family to him were not received. Lin expressed incomprehension at this and demanded that the detention center ensure correspondence between husband and wife.[17] During the search, police forcibly pinned Lin to the sofa and snatched her mobile phone, causing bruising on her arm. Inside the detention center, Pastor Huang also received a decision on banning and ordering the cessation of illegal activities against the "Shenzhou Evangelistic Group" from the Pingyang County Civil Affairs Bureau and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau, and considered legal rights protection.
4.2.3 Pastor Sun Cong's Family (Zion Church): Violent Arrest and Heavy Mental Pressure
In the "October 9 Case" of Beijing Zion Church, Pastor Sun Cong's wife, Xiaoyu, described the violent process of her husband's arrest. Personnel from the Beihai Public Security Bureau suddenly cut off the power supply at home without showing identification, and then broke in. They forcibly separated Pastor Sun Cong, his wife, and their 3-year-old daughter, causing the child to cry bitterly. During the arrest, Pastor Sun was handcuffed, while Xiaoyu's requests to go to the toilet and hold the child while on her period were rejected.[18]
In addition, Pastor Sun Cong's 72-year-old mother suffered a recurrence of heart disease and collapsed due to fright from seeing her son treated roughly by law enforcement. Under huge mental pressure, Xiaoyu had to take care of her sick mother and young child on the one hand, and travel to the Beihai Detention Center thousands of miles away to seek visitation on the other. She shared in her testimony that it was this storm that allowed her to "break through the crisis of trust and break through the limitations of self," learning to fear God in fear and experiencing God's presence.
4.2.4 Pastor Wang Lin's Family: Exile and Deprived Right to Education
Su Ziming, wife of Pastor Wang Lin of Beijing Zion Church, disclosed in detail the guilt-by-association persecution suffered by the family in a prayer letter in November. In order to let her two out-of-school children receive education, she traveled to multiple cities, but every time she arrived at a school, the children were persuaded to leave due to pressure from authorities. On November 10, when she was forced to decide to take the children abroad for schooling, she was intercepted at the border on the grounds that she was also suspected of "illegal use of information networks" and was banned from leaving the country. She indignantly accused authorities of openly depriving minors of their right to education, trapping a mother and children with no criminal facts in a desperate situation.[19]
4.2.5 The Role and Perseverance of Pastors' Wives
In the environment of persecution, the wives of pastors and coworkers have taken on multiple and difficult roles. They not only have to face emotional tearing and the uncertainty of their husbands' return date but also endure economic difficulties, such as interruption of income and pressure of rent and children's tuition. Authorities also try to disintegrate the family's defense from within by harassment, threats, intimidation, and even trying to use family members to persuade detained relatives to plead guilty. For example, Su Ziming, wife of Pastor Wang Lin, was taken away by Beihai police, a move considered to be a tactic to force Pastor Wang Lin to plead guilty and submit.
The wives have become the only legal representatives of their imprisoned husbands and channels for information transmission to the outside world. They bravely stepped to the front stage, taking on heavy responsibilities such as hiring lawyers, budgeting for the family, shepherding the church (taking over the husband's role), petitioning for justice, and accepting media interviews. Their "submission to husbands" means suffering together and being persecuted together under the theme of "suffering for the Lord Jesus," and finally receiving the glory of heaven together. This perseverance makes them considered "the greatest women in China."
4.2.6 Regret at Deathbed: Blocked Farewell
Persecution is reflected not only in the separation of the living but also in the cruel blockage at the moment of death. In the Golden Lampstand case, authorities showed an extreme lack of humanitarianism. In December 2023, Preacher Yang Rongli's younger brother was critically ill. The family applied many times to let Yang Rongli see him for the last time, but all were rejected until he passed away.[4:1] In January 2025, Pastor Wang Xiaoguang's mother, in her 90s, was critically ill. The family applied again to let Wang Xiaoguang visit or attend the funeral, but was still coldly rejected by authorities. In September of the same year, Zhou Qiurong, mother of Elder Zhang Chunlei of Guiyang Ren'ai Reformed Church, passed away suddenly. Elder Zhang could not bid a final farewell to his mother because he was serving his sentence in prison. This practice of depriving even basic ethical kinship left irreparable regrets for the families of the persecuted and nakedly revealed the ruthlessness of the persecution mechanism.
4.3 Testimonies After Release and Return to Shepherding
The experiences of some preachers and believers who were released after administrative detention or completion of sentences have become an encouragement to the church. They quickly returned to service and transformed their imprisonment experiences into spiritual assets.
4.3.1 Preacher An Yankui: Gospel Preparation in Detention Center
Preacher An Yankui of Taiyuan Xuncheng Reformed Church was released after 15 days of administrative detention in October 2025 for his Sunday gathering being raided. He regarded the experience in the detention center as a "spiritual experimental field," where God specially arranged for them to go in to complete wonderful work.[20]
He shared three aspects of "how to prepare for preaching the gospel in the detention center," which are key to coping with persecution and building a foundation of faith:
Theological Foundation: Recognize the identity of citizens of the kingdom of heaven. Emphasizing "Kingdom Theology" is crucial, enabling believers to truly believe that the Lord Jesus is the King of Kings when facing the government representing state power, rather than viewing themselves as ordinary people who "cannot twist their arms against their thighs."
Shaping of Spiritual Life: Overcome fear in the relationship with God.
Interaction between Gospel and Culture: Translate faith principles into the concept of "being a kind and united cell" in the detention center, pointing out that "kindness" is the most direct entry point with non-believers.
Preacher An Yankui actively preached the gospel to police and cellmates in the detention center. His testimony powerfully proved the transforming power of the gospel in the most difficult environment, and some fellow prisoners even expressed that they would actively contact them after getting out.[21]
May we pray for those pastors and brothers and sisters who have been released and are rebuilding their lives and ministries: Ask the Lord to heal their physical and mental wounds, making the imprisonment experience a grace capital for serving others and comforting those who come after, and ask the Lord to keep them faithful in shepherding in the new stage.
4.4 "Light in the Darkness": Excerpts from Letters
The convictions revealed by pastors and preachers in imprisonment have become spiritual resources for the church community to persevere in suffering.
4.4.1 Excerpt from Elder Zhang Chunlei's Letter (May 25, 2025)
"That day of parting, I was quite reluctant. There were tears at parting because some uncontrollable grievance, or injustice, suddenly welled up from the bottom of my heart. After returning, I meditated and prayed quietly, but saw the Lord Jesus in Gethsemane, on the Via Dolorosa, on Golgotha, and on the cross, so helpless. How great was his injustice?! What is my little pain compared to that? I felt ashamed and was healed."
"In these years, I have thought most about only three keywords: Cross (Faith), Golden Lampstand (Church), Messiah (Christ). The Cross is the focus, the Golden Lampstand is the key point, and the Messiah is everything."
4.4.2 Excerpt from Preacher Yang Rongli's Confession (July 12, 2025)
"The judge came to the detention center and announced the verdict sentencing me to 15 years. This is a great crown given to me by God. My first sentence to the judge at that time was: The sentence is too light. On that day, I was thinking very calmly and controlling my emotions. A peace and joy from heaven was with me."
"What I haven't done well in my life—as a wife I was not like a wife, as a mother I was not like a mother, and to my grandchildren today, I am even less worthy of being a grandmother. But the arrangement the Lord gave me is to let me first 'be a human' for Him. I believe the Lord will make up for these days eaten by locusts."
4.4.3 Excerpt from Pastor Zhou Songlin's Court Statement (July 24, 2025)
"I used to not know if I could finish the gathering every time. Every gathering was fearful. After being caught in the detention center, I have no fear anymore, I am calm. I want to cry when I say this. For more than ten years, every time I gathered, I didn't know if I could finish."
"On this land, I have believed for decades. I always feel that if you are a Christian or a preacher, you are inferior. If one day Christians can gather together as normally as party members gather for a meeting, I think this country will be much better."
4.4.4 Excerpt from Pastor Chang Shun's Prison Confession (October 1, 2025)
"Imprisonment is just a way of serving, just as Jeremiah was put in a dry cistern for faithfully preaching God's word, eating only one cake a day. This is the path God has set for our lives."
"When we are before Christ, when we follow Christ, we live out the style of one 'hero' after another. Therefore, every pastor, every elder, and every person locked up in this world is just arranged by God on such a path to forge our lives. It does not necessarily mean that we are more mature in life than others, nor does it necessarily mean that we are more perfect than others."
4.4.5 Excerpt from Pastor Chang Yuchun's Family Letter (February 21, 2025)
"A few hours before Pasteur Heipe and his wife Ruth Li were taken to the execution ground to be shot, they were detained in two rooms separated by only a thick wooden wall! Although they couldn't see each other, their singing could be heard by each other and they sang in harmony... Then they sang in harmony with tears and choking: 'This is the way of the cross, do you want to walk it! Have you given everything for your Lord?'"
4.4.6 Excerpt from Elder Ding Zhongfu's Family Letter (August 30, 2025)
"During outdoor time, looking at the small garden behind the iron bars, the green grass is lush, and the foxtail grass sways in the breeze... Looking up at the sky, the sky above the iron bars, deep blue, a clear sky for thousands of miles, with only a few faint white clouds."
"A difficult thing, no matter how big or small, as long as I think of the Lord at this moment, hold the Lord's hand, hold the Lord's promise, and remember the words in the Bible, the matter will be solved easily. There is unspeakable peace in my heart, and certainty. So there is occasional sorrow in this waiting, but more peace."
4.4.7 Excerpt from Pastor Wang Lin's Prison Letter (November 15, 2025)
"God let us see that this world is our monastery. No matter where we are, as long as there are people, it is the field where we can serve and should serve. For 'the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve'."
"Because what measures us is not the success and victory thought by this world, but the expansion of the scope and effect of Christ's service."
May these letters and confessions not only be touching words but also generate specific intercession in the hearts of readers: Pray for the pastors who are writing letters, being tried, and being remembered. Ask the Lord to keep them from losing joy in suffering, and strengthen more churches through their words, so that the Chinese church can still shine in the darkness.
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